Fish diseases require vigilance as a major cause of aquaculture production failure. Fish diseases arise due to an unbalanced interaction between the host, the environment, and pathogens. According to Ministerial Decree No. 28/2021, there are 27 types of fish diseases that have the potential to become fish disease outbreaks. These pathogens include 15 types of viruses, 11 types of bacteria, 4 parasites, and 1 mycotic. The number of fish diseases has increased significantly compared to those listed in Ministerial Decree No. 33/2007, which included 14 types of diseases caused by 5 types of viruses, 5 types of bacteria, 2 parasites, and 1 mycotic. The fisheries sector faces a serious threat from various diseases, one of which is Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV). TiLV is a newly emerged viral disease that can cause mortality of up to 90% in tilapia populations. One of the factors contributing to the suboptimal production of aquaculture in Indonesia is the limited mastery and implementation of aqua...
The increasing public demand for seafood and the degradation of natural habitats have led to the threat of widespread infections in intensively farmed animals, which could result in significant losses in fisheries production. Data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) shows that the potential fish resources in Indonesian waters reach 67 million tons per year. This figure includes capture fisheries at 9.3 million tons per year and aquaculture at 56.8 million tons per year. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) predicts that the world population will grow by 30% by 2050, followed by a 70% increase in global protein demand. The application of biotechnology to significantly advance the commercial aquaculture industry has become a primary focus in efforts to increase productivity, control disease and health through vaccination, manage sustainably formulated feed nutrition, and address environmental challenges facing fisheries resources.